Author(s): M. Rafeek Abdelbary; A. M. Hany
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: Nile river; Flood; GIS system; Control
Abstract: The construction of Aswan High Dam in 1970 has minimized the risk of floods in the Nile reach down stream the dam. Aswan High Dam has protected the country from high floods and controlled the floodwater along successive decades. The dam proves its remarkable benefits, protecting the Nile valley from damage in high flood areas and provides the country with the water requirements for different uses in low flood years. However, some side effects appear, such as erosion of North coastal zone as the High Dam nearly prevents the sediment from entering the river. The river channel downstream the dam capacity to convey discharges has been largely reduced. This is because of two reasons: First: Controlled discharges from the dam causes an adjustment of the river channel to accommodate the new conditions. Second; Negligence of flood control measures by the people and encroaching the river banks and flood plains. In1998, however, very high flood occur which required higher release from the dam during low flow periods. Inundations of river banks and river bank failure occurred. The calculation of the damage caused by the flood and the prediction of future flood damage is very important. A GIS system was established using spot images covering the Nile river taken before and after the flood showing the changes resulted from flood All these data were converted to vector layers used in establishing the system. The system was designed to calculate the changes in Nile river and flood plain resulting form the flood, The system is capable of predicting inundated areas in high flood for different water levels and the shortest route to damaged areas and river bank failure for fast response. Further more, the System is capable of predicting river banks failure and islands erosion and deposition.
Year: 2004