Author(s): Mauri Maattanen
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Abstract: The Finnish people have inherited the sense of snow and ice for thousands of years. Needs to travel during wintertime has brought with understanding how to utilize snow covered terrain for transportation and how to cross over frozen lakes and waterways. For over hundred years the increasing demand for transportation of heavier goods and scheduled winter navigation have brought with a need to develop efficient ships to break the ice and to develop offshore aids to navigation structures that can resist moving sea ice loads. The trial and error in design has been replaced by scientific research to learn the true behaviour of ice in order to predict theoretically ice actions on different types of ships or structures. The predictability has been refined by scale-model testing and by full-scale measurement data. Gradually the versatile numerical simulation - virtual reality - with ever improving computer capabilities is gradually replacing costly scale-model or full-scale testing. However, the validation of such numerical models is strongly dependent on full-scale data. The research work has been carried trough both in national and international research projects.
Year: 2010