Author(s): N. Christiansen; M. N. Abdullah; K. H. M. Ali; B. A. Oconnor
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Abstract: A submerged breakwater refers to a conventional breakwater with the crest below or at still water level.In the situation where economical and aesthetic factors make it undesirable to build a conventional breakwater, the submerged breakwater becomes a favaoured option. Submerged breakwaters have been effectively used to protect harbour entrances from excessive wave action, to reduce siltation in an entrance channel, to prevent beach erosion and for the creation of artificial fishing ground. They are also used to protect beach nourishment work. However. quantitative information available about the hydraulics behaviour of these submerged breakwaters is rather limited. Pilarczyk, K W. et al (1993) described the basic wave-structure interaction for a low-crested breakwater. The incident wave energy E; attacking the structure is decomposed into energy being reflected from the structure E, transmitted across it either through or above the structure E dissipated through breaking, mixing and friction in various types of flow Edss and energy inducing currents or other modes of motion Eaurr. Theoretical analysis of these interactions has not proved satisfactory primarily because of the difficulties in quantifying the energy losses that always accompany these wave-structure interactions. Therefore, laboratory studies have had to provide the necessary information regarding the performance characteristics of submerged breakwaters.
Year: 1997