Author(s): T. I. Bessonova; V. A. Kulesh
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Keywords: No keywords
Abstract: Ice conditions of the seas and rivers of Russia are one of the most important factors that restrain the pace of development of transport processes, industrial potential and development of natural resources. Most of Russia's ports freeze and are forced to introduce ice navigation regimes that limit or prohibit the operation of ships with insufficient level of ice qualities. Exploration and development of the Arctic and offshore, and plans to ensure year-round navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR), set the task of creating new specialized ships and polar icebreakers. Experience in the design, construction and operation of ice navigation ships (INS) has been accumulated in Russia. An important role was traditionally assigned to icebreakers and their escorts - the posting of caravans of ships. The movement of ships in the channel of the icebreaker obviously reduces the resistance and fuel expenditure. In recent years, there have been trends in the significant growth of deadweight and the size of transport ships for navigation in ice, which outpaces the growth in the characteristics of icebreakers. Attempts to minimize the dependence of polar navigation on the icebreaking fleet lead to the search for new solutions, for example, to double acting ship (DAS). However, without combining innovations with experience, it is difficult to provide the necessary level of safety ice navigation processes. The analysis and generalization of statistical data on the characteristics of icebreakers and transport tankers was carried out to determine their interrelationships in a wide range of changes in size, characteristics and ice categories. Data of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (the Register Book) were taken as a basis. Statistics reveal significant features and differences between conventional and linear icebreakers, including nuclear ones. The entire range of categories of icebreakers is practically covered. The main characteristics, including ice passability, are estimated at a given power. Deadweight and ice category are proposed as an input parameter for transport tankers. Unfortunately, there are no statistical data on the highest ice categories. It is proposed to take into account new research by Russian colleagues. The paper proposes a method of estimating the main characteristics of ships in the whole range of Russian ice categories. The formulas are approved by comparisons with the new generation ships. The results of the work can be used to plan the replenishment of the fleet and to assess the characteristics of ships and icebreakers in the early stages of design.
Year: 2018