Author(s): J. Bastian; A. G. Strandberg; W. P. Graham; D. Mayne
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Keywords: No Keywords
Abstract: Design procedures and construction methods are documented for spray ice operations in the Kashagan Field of the North Caspian Sea. This spray operation was in support of offshore oil exploration carried out by Agip Kazakhstan North Caspian Operating Company (Agip KCO). The Sunkar drilling barge, Aktote and Kairan Islands were structures in the North Caspian Sea where spray ice was employed. The spray ice was generated on or as an ice protection structure. The spray equipment consisted of pumps that output water in the pressure range of 1 to 2 MPa through a distribution and nozzle system. The aim of the procedure was to throw a water stream through the air such that small water droplets formed and became frozen or almost frozen before the droplet came to rest. The varied winter temperatures for the North Caspian required that the spray system selected be able to operate in an air temperature from -2°C to -25°C. The freezing degree day index for the Kashagan Field area was an important indicator for spray ice operation.
Year: 2004