Author(s): D. J. Kerr; H. T. Shen; S. F. Daly
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: No Keywords
Abstract: This paper presents a laboratory study on anchor ice and its hydraulic effect in channels with a gravel bed. The study revealed that anchor ice is comprised of deposited frazil ice with no in-situ ice growth and does not penetrate more than half the diameter of the top layer of gravel. During the initial stage of growth anchor ice grew in the forms of tails, scales, or balls, depending on the flow velocity and Froude number. During the final stage of growth the growth rate was proportional to the heat loss rate and inversely proportional to the flow depth. The overall hydraulic resistance of anchor ice was smaller for smaller bed gravel sizes and decreases with increasing in flow rate and flow depth. The rate of increase of MaJU1ing's n decreases with the increase in the Reynolds number. The bed/ice surface roughness showed that the surface roughness first increases and then decreases to a minimum value after the transition stage of growth.
Year: 1998