Author(s): E. Wessels; K. Kato
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: No Keywords
Abstract: This review paper is intended as a follow-up to the first State of the Art Report on Ice Forces, which was presented by the Working Group on Ice Forces on Structures of the International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) to the Fourth IAHR-Ice Symposium, held in Lulea, Sweden, in 1978. Since then, many efforts have been made in the last ten years to further investigate the interaction of drifting sea ice with various types of conical offshore structures. Finally, in the summer of 1983, the first prototype structure, a floating moored conical drilling unit, named "Kulluk", was put into operation in the Canadian Beaufort Sea and successfully demonstrated the advantages of a conical shape in defeating ice encounter. The paper is composed of two main parts. In the first part, a description of characteristic failure modes of level and rubble ice when interacting with conical structures is given. Insights into the physical process are provided as have been gained from model test experience. In the second part of the paper, the literature published after 1978 on ice forces on upward and downward breaking fixed cones as well as on downward breaking floating cones is reviewed. Analytical work, model test and full scale measurement results have been considered. An outlook is given on still open questions and suggestions on further research are made.
Year: 1988