Author(s): Jean-Claude Tatinclaux; Kathryn A. Forland; David Murdey
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Abstract: Results of laboratory and field tests on the dynamic friction factor between ice (freshwater, urea-doped, and granular or columnar sea ice) and bare or Inerta-coated steel plates of various roughness averages Ra are presented. Laboratory tests were made at three air temperatures, T =-15°, -9°, and -2°C, with either the ice sample towed over the test plate (configuration A) or a plate sample towed over the ice sheet (configuration B). All field tests were made at T = -2° to 0°C under configuration A. The maximum test velocity was 30 cm/s, and the normal pressure was of the order of 10 kPa. From the test results it is concluded that viscous shear in the meltwater layer between ice and test plate may dominate when the test plate is very smooth, as proposed by Oksanen in his analytical model, but when the material roughness increases, mechanical shear of the ice crystals dominates. Other factors or parameters which are likely to influence the ice friction coefficient are the surface tension characteristics of both the test surface (wetting or non-wetting) and the ice sample (fresh ice as opposed to drained ice), the relative size of the ice crystals with respect to the roughness elements of the test surface, and morphological characteristics of the plate roughness other than the simple roughness average, for example, peak angle and peak radius of curvature of the roughness asperities.
Year: 1986