Author(s): Robert milhous
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: Flushing flows; Bed-load; Sediment transport; Klamath River;
Abstract: Flushing flows, as used in this paper: are streamflows adequate to remove sand and fines from the surface of a gravel/cobble bed river. Flushing flow functions are functions that give the links with streamflow channel parameters such as velocity, bed-surface material size, size of the sediment to be flushed, and dimensionless shear stress. A brief review is made of hydrologic approaches used to determine flushing flows; some of these are based on duration of daily streamflows (17% of daily streamflows larger as an example), others on mean annual streamflows (two times average annual discharge is one method) and still others on peak annual discharges (1 in 2 year annual peak discharge as the flushing and channel maintenance discharge). The primary sections of the paper present functions based on the size of the bed-surface material (armour) and the size of the sediment to be flushed from the armour. The bed-surface material is characterized using the Wolman pebble count procedure. Bed-Ioad measurements were made in Oak Creek in western Oregon USA during the fall of 1971 which are used to develop relations for flushing of sand and fines. The first is more of a set of limits; these limits are a dimensionless shear stress calculated using the median size of the armour of 0.016 when the duration of the flushing flows are long as may occur in the operation of reservoirs and 0.021 when the flushing flows are relative short as most often occur during normal runoff events. The second is an equation relating the dimensionless shear stress required for flushing to the relative size of the armour and material to be removed. The equation is f(x) 0.014 x-0.84 where x is the ratio of the median size of the sediment to be flushed to armour median size and f(x) is the dimensionless shear stress calculated using the median size of the sediment to be flushed from the bed-surface. These functions are compared to other methods used to develop criteria for flushing flows.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3850/38WC092019-0675
Year: 2019