Author(s): Corrado Gisonni; Willi H. Hager
Linked Author(s): Corrado Gisonni, Willi H. Hager
Keywords: Ir-water flow; Bend; Bottom outlet; Highspeed flow; Hydraulics
Abstract: Free surface tunnel flow across a 45 deg. bend is considered, as is typical for bottom outlets across embankment dams. A novel dimensionless number is introduced to distinguish between stratified and annular tunnel flow. Important design relations relating to maximum flow depth and air supply discharge are also presented.
Year: 1999