Author(s): M. A. Sattarov; I. E. Eshmirzoyev; F. Rakhimov
Linked Author(s): Malik A. Sattarov
Keywords: Central Asia; Arid zone; Climate; River and underground water resources; Water balance method; Canals; Geometrical models
Abstract: A separate analysis of the initial data of hydrometeorological observations for the periods of stable state (1930-1990) and rapid shallowing (1961-1990) of the Aral Sea has shown that in the period of 1960-1990 the average annual run-off in Tajikistan decreased from 57. 01 km3/year to 53. 6 km3/year. A balance calculation method to estimate the average annual run-off in mountainous conditions is proposed. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by using an example of calculating the run-off of Tajikistan rivers. Some facts of considerable water losses from canals and in irrigated fields are given. Mathematical models to calculate canal elements with various geometrical cross-sections have been developed. Their effectiveness in the conditions of ground sediments with various lithological structure is illustrated. A method of combined use of river and underground run-off, which makes it possible to control the process of salinization of fertile soils of Central Asia, is proposed.
Year: 2005