Author(s): Sveinung Loset; Aleksey Marchenko
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Abstract: In cold climate ice may accrete and form ice bustles on piles exposed to changes in water level. Their formation is related to super-cooling of piles relative to the temperature of surrounding water, when the heat conductivity of the pile material is higher than the heat conductivity of the water. In this case the ice grows laterally from the surface of the pile at larger depths than the thickness of the surrounding level ice. High adhesion between ice and pile keeps the bustles in place during water level changes and allows the bustles to develop over time. The vertical and horizontal size of ice bustles formed on cylindrical quay steel piles (O 0.8 m) in the Svea coal harbour, Spitsbergen, was about 1.5 m during the winter and spring of 2007. The ice bustles had cylindrical shapes with slightly downward sloping side walls. Their top surface coincided with water level at maximal tide, and they were almost above the water surface at minimal tide. A mathematical model describing the formation of ice bustle around cylindrical pile was developed with Comsol Multiphysics 3.3a. Ice bustle growth was simulated with constant water level and taking into account tidal variations of the water level. The influence of meteorological conditions, time and tidal amplitude on the sizes of ice bustle is discussed in the paper.
Year: 2008