Author(s): Knut Alfredsen; Morten Stickler; Curtis Pennell
Linked Author(s): Morten Stickler, Knut Alfredsen
Keywords: Ice formation; Anchor ice; Steep streams; Fish habitat
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of ice formation processes in two small and steep streams and uses field data from the Stavilla river in Norway and the South West river in Newfoundland, Canada to illustrated the processes. Both rivers have slope and velocity conditions that prevent a usual build up of an ice cover by accumulation of drifting ice, and dominated by anchor ice formation and creation of anchor ice dams. Both rivers will develop a permanent ice cover, but the formation process takes longer time and is subjected to longer period of dynamic ice production which provides an increased ice production and a longer period with unstable in-stream conditions.
Year: 2006