Author(s): Freeman Ralph; Richard Mckenna; Greg Crocker; Ken Croasdale

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Abstract: In 1995, an ambitious program was undertaken to measure for the first time, full-scale forces and pressures resulting from iceberg impacts with an engineered structure. The C-CORE Iceberg Impact Experiment was conducted on Grappling Island in southern Labrador. Impact forces and pressures were measured on a 6 m × 6 m instrumented panel mounted on a nearly vertical cliff face. Bergy bit and growler sized ice masses were towed into the panel by an ocean-going tug. Twenty-eight impacts were recorded, 22 of which were used in the analysis of pressure/area relationships. The measured crushing pressures were typically lower than values obtained from other medium scale tests at corresponding contact areas. However, they were generally not outside the extreme range of values obtained from other sources. The Grappling Island data are compared to pressure/area data from other sea ice and iceberg experiments, including Sanderson (1988), Masterson and Frederking (1993), and the Pond Inlet indentor data documented by Masterson et al. (1992). The use of actual versus nominal contact areas is discussed with respect to the relationship between ice pressure and contact area determined from the experiments.

DOI:

Year: 2004