Author(s): Ikmalzatul Abdullah, Nor Aslinda Awang, Anizawati Ahmad, Shimatun Jumani Ibrahim
Linked Author(s): Ikmalzatul Abdullah
Keywords: Mangrove, currents, tides, waves, Malaysia
Abstract: The hydrodynamic processes that exist in the nearshore region are generated by a number of different drivers such as force of gravity, pressure, velocity and density. Under the influence of these forces, the fluid motion of the water manifests itself as coastal currents, waves and tides. Upper intertidal shorelines that experience a complex hydrodynamic condition are inhabited by mangroves. The mangrove forest is a natural ecosystem that only survives in a certain environment because its growth is influenced by several factors such as sea level, water temperature, salinity, currents, waves, beach slope and type of sediment. The ability of mangroves to serve as a natural buffer against the threat of big waves, strong winds and coastal erosion has increased the value of mangroves. In order to ensure the sustainability and the success of mangrove replanting activities, hydrodynamic conditions in the planting area need to be investigated. The right selection of the planting area is very crucial in determining the success of this project. Several studies have been conducted at Delta Kelantan, Kuala Teriang and Kudat to identify the optimum hydrodynamic conditions that will promote the growth and survival of mangrove in terms of wave action, currents and tides. Bathymetry and marine data have been measured and used as an input in the development of numerical models using MIKE 21 Hydrodynamic (HD) and Wave Spectrum (SW) modules. Model analysis and site verification reveals that in the muddy areas, current speed between 0. 02 to 0. 12 m/s is the most favorable condition for the growth of mangroves. In a area having current speed exceeding 0. 3 m/s, coastal erosion takes place. Meanwhile, in sandy areas, current speed which is less than 0. 2 m/s has caused sand precipitation on the roots of the seedlings resulting in death and stunted growth of the mangroves
Year: 2017