Author(s): T. E. Wigle
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: No Keywords
Abstract: Flow retardation due to ice in the Niagara River is at times considerable and causes large reductions in power production. Investigations to obtain an understanding and establish a practical relationship between ice production and meteorological parameters began in 1966. The initial surveys and observations are described. Bottom ice formations were found to cover most of the river channel. Direct observations of the evolution of some ice forms are summarized. Surface ice crystals formed when the average water temperature was still above the ice point and were drawn down into suspension by the flow turbulence. When the water temperature becomes 0C or below, the crystals adhere to underwater objects contributing largely to the underwater ice formations. Positive information as to whether ice forms directly on underwater objects has not been acquired.
Year: 1970