Author(s): Lydia Schulze; Carsten Thorenz

Linked Author(s): Lydia Schulze, Carsten Thorenz

Keywords: density current; ship lock filling; ship forces; climate change; levelling; OpenFOAM®

Abstract: Two locks in Kiel-Holtenau at the Kiel Canal are currently scheduled for replacement. To ensure a lifespan of 100 years, it is necessary to consider not only existing conditions but also the potential impacts of climate change. Specifically, the impact of higher water level differences and density differences between the Kiel Fjord and the Kiel Canal on ship forces during levelling requires thorough investigation. A variant study was conducted using a sophisticated three-dimensional hydronumerical simulation approach with the open-source toolbox OpenFOAM. The model included the complete ship lock system, with movable filling valves and the dynamic behaviour of floating vessels. This complex modelling system required advanced understanding of computer-aided 3D modelling and substantial in-house software development. The results show that increasing density differences at the lock can lead to significantly higher ship forces. However, under small water level differences, which are expected in the near future, ship forces remain well within permissible limits, even when confronted with relatively substantial density differences. In some cases, larger density differences can exceed allowable ship forces. To mitigate ship forces, reducing the gate opening speeds may be necessary. In other cases, additional operational measures must be implemented to ensure safety and ease during levelling.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000675921

Year: 2024